“谜语猜测”的认知机制及语用关联分析

猜谜既是一种交际活动,又是一种认知活动。从语用角度出发,设谜和猜谜这两个过程正是一种语言交际过程,猜谜者能够成功猜测出谜底是建立在谜语的谜面、谜目与谜底的关联的基础之上。从认知角度出发,猜谜者通过概念整合网络找到谜面、谜目与谜底的关联,从而猜测出谜底。文章以汉语谜语为语料,以关联理论和概念整合理论为理论基础,用概念整合网络来解释谜语中的关联,探究谜语猜测的认知机制。研究认为,在猜谜的过程中,猜谜者通过输入空间之间的跨空间映射和谜目提示找到谜面、谜目与谜底的隐含关联,再通过整合空间和头脑中的相关知识结构,推导出层创结构,最终猜测出谜底,完成明示推理行为。

Analysis of the Cognitive Mechanism and the Pragmatic Relevance of Guessing Riddles

Guessing riddles is both a communicative and a cognitive process.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the cognitive mechanism of guessing riddles.From the pragmatic perspective,producing and guessing riddles are exactly a kind of language communicative processes.The success of guessing riddles is based on the relevance of riddles（Mimian）,reminders（Mimu）and answers（Midi）.From the cognitive point of view,riddlers can find the relevance of riddles,reminders and answers by conceptual integration network,which leads to the success of guessing riddles.On the basis of Chinese riddles and with the help of Relevance Theory and Conceptual Integration Theory,this paper explains the relevance in riddles through conceptual integration network and explores the cognitive mechanism of guessing riddles.The study finds that in the process of guessing riddles,riddlers can find the implicit relevance between riddles,reminders and answers through cross-space mapping and the cues provided by reminders.Then riddlers can derive the emergent structure,guess the riddles and complete the ostensive-inferential process from blended space and the relevant knowledge.