大跃进时期农田水利建设得失问题研究评述

大跃进时期的水利建设取得了哪些成绩?是否存在着一些失误和缺点?如何正确估计和看待这些失误和缺点?这些问题在大跃进时期便有较大争议,目前学术界对这些问题仍然存在认识上的分歧。大致说来,学术界在大跃进时期兴修水利的得失问题上存在着两种观点:一是认为水利化运动有得有失,得大于失,成绩是主要的,但也有不少失误和值得汲取的教训,这种观点是学术界的主流意见。二是认为大跃进时期的水利建设有得有失,失误太多,得不偿失;在肯定成绩的同时,强调水利建设运动中的重大失误和严重不足。笔者认为,一味否定大跃进时期水利建设的巨大成就而过分强调失误,是不符合历史事实的;而一味肯定大跃进时期水利建设成就而不承认出现过失误,同样也不是实事求是的科学态度。从总体上看,大跃进时期的农田水利建设是:有得有失,得大于失;成绩是主要的,失误是次要的;七分成绩,三分失误;成绩巨大、教训深刻。 

A Comment on Studies on the Merits and Defects of the Irrigation Works during the Great Leap Forward

What achievements had the irrigation works obtained during the Great Leap Forward? Were there any errors or disadvantages? How should we evaluate these errors and disadvantages? These questions were disputed during the Great Leap Forward, and are still at variance in academic circle at present. Generally speaking, there are two viewpoints on the merits and defects of the irrigation works during the Great Leap Forward. One declares that the advantages of the irrigation works were greater than the disadvantages though errors and failures exist indeed, which is the mainstream in academic circle. The other one asserts that the loss of the irrigation works was greater than the gain and emphasizes the major mistakes and severe deficiency despite affirming the achievements. I think denying the achievements and emphasizing the defects blindly is not consonant with the historical facts; meanwhile, emphasizing excessively the merits and not affirming the disadvantages is not realistic, either take the irrigation works during the Great Leap Forward in mass, both merits and defects existed; the achievements were the main aspect and the errors were the secondary aspect; the achievements were great; while, the lessons were profound.