建立文学批评的立交桥--西方艾氏与基氏文艺批评理论图之比较

美国著名学者艾布拉姆斯<镜与灯浪漫主义文论及批评传统>一书总结了西方自柏拉图以来的文学批评史并概括为四大学说即模仿说、实用说、表现说及客观说.他还用三角形图示出作者、作品、读者和宇宙之间的关系.美国另一位学者基思在1994年出版的<批评视角>一书中继承和发展了艾氏理论,也构建了一个文学批评图,图示出作者、作品、读者、现实和文学五者之间的关系.二者的共同点都是采用了系统的方法示意文学批评理论中基本要素之间的关系.不足之处是二者都是平面图,建议在此基础上建立文学批评的立交桥.

Constructing an Overpass for Literary Criticism:A Comparison of Abram''''s Analytic Scheme and Keesey''''s Conceptual Scheme in the Theory of Literary Criticism

In The Mirror and the Lamp: Romantic Theory and the Critical Tradition,the famous American scholar M.H.Abrams illustrates the relationship between artist,work,universe and audience in the form of a triangle for discriminating various kinds of critical theory and practice and sorts the critical practice of the West since Plato into four broad classes: mimetic theories,pragmatic theories,expressive theories and objective theories.Another American scholar D.Keesey also published a book entitled Contexts for Criticism in 1994.Keesey inherits and develops Abram's theory and he adopts a conceptual scheme for literary criticism.His scheme illustrates the relationship between the five elements: author,work,audience,reality and literature.Both schemes have in common the application of a systematic method and show the relationship between the basic elements of literary theory of criticism.Their restriction is due to the fact that both are plane figures.Therefore,the author of this paper suggests constructing an overpass for the literary criticism.