赋体起源和宋玉的文体创造——兼论汉代赋论家的赋体探源

赋体起源问题在学术界一直聚讼纷纭,迄无定论.弄清这一问题,能加深对于赋的文体特征的认识,更准确地把握赋体文学.汉代赋论家的赋体探源虽然受到当时社会意识形态的影响,并有把文学体裁和文学方法、起源和来源等混为一谈的毛病,但他们都看到了楚地作家和楚文学与赋体文学的密切联系.不过,以<离骚>为代表的楚辞无论是从文化精神还是从文体风格上都与赋体文学有较大差异,荀子赋作乃其晚年入楚所作,时间晚于宋玉作品,因此赋体文学的真正创始者是宋玉.赋的丈体特征反映了势尊道卑的政治语境下丈人参与社会生活的情感与心态,同时也显示了丈人由王者之师的角色期待向言语侍从之臣的现实处境转化的文化轨迹.宋玉的处境和心情对于后世丈人具有普遍的意义,他的文体创造开启了有汉一代之文学.

The Origin of Chinese Fu style and Song Yu's Stylistic Creation—— Discussions about the Comments on Fu Style by the Masters in Han Dynasty

The origin of Fu style is at issue in the academiccircles,Its Rnowledgec a n de e pe r o ur recognition of its stylistic features and grasp its essence.The commentson Fu style by t he mas t er s i n HanDynastyare ideologically limited.They confuse literary genres with literary approaches,origin with source,but they notice that the writers and works in Chuare closely related to the l i t er at ur e of Fu s-tyle.Nevertheless,Qu Yuan'smasterpieceLi Sao,one type of Chuliterature,makesa greater di f f er ence t-han the literature of Fu style both in cultural spirit and in stylistic style.XunZi's Fu works are fi-nished after he reaches chu in his late years.Song Yu is cons i der ed t o be f or ef at her of t he l i t er at ur e of Fu style.Song Yu's plight and state of mindare of universal significance to the writers in his lat-er generations.His stylistic creation initiates a new epoch for Hanliterature.