宋朝在四川实施特殊化统治的原因

宋朝在四川长期推行特殊化统治政策,其原因主要有三:一是四川在宋朝属于"阻远险恶"的地区,特别是全国政治重心在宋朝东移后,其距离京畿地区更为遥远,加大了朝廷的统治难度;二是四川经济在五代前后蜀的基础上,更为发达,"号为优裕",在全国经济重心南移的大背景下地位更加突出;三是四川位居长江上游,虽远在西南,却具有牵制全局的重要战略地位,特别是南宋四川地区长期直接地面对金朝和蒙古的猛烈进攻,四川的得失直接关系到南宋的存亡,朝廷不得不高度重视四川而施以特殊的统治。

Reasons for Special Administration of Sichuan in Song Dynasty

Song Dynasty adopted a special administration in Sichuan for a long time with three reasons.First,Sichuan was the remote area difficult to access.After the political centre of Song Dynasty was transfered to the east,Sichuan was even farther away from the central government and more difficult for administration.Secondly,the prosperous economy of Sichuan developed from Five Dynasties and Shu Kingdoms,and was highlighed when national economic was shifted to the south.Thirdly,despite its remoteness,Sichuan was at the upper reaches of Yangtze River,which was a strategic place of the whole state.Facing the ferocious attacks from Jin Dynasty and Mongolia,Sichuan played a pivotal role in the existence of Southern Song Dynasty,so the court had to attach great importance to Sichuan and carry out a special administration.