流动人口主观幸福感及其代际差异

运用2012年中国劳动力动态调查数据,分析流动人口主观幸福感的现状及其影响因素,并比较不同代际的差异性.研究发现:(1)大多数流动人口感觉生活幸福,与户籍人口的幸福体验没有显著差异.新生代流动人口正值追求梦想、自我实现的黄金时期,他们对幸福的积极体验明显高于老一代流动人口.(2)经济诉求、权利保障和公平正义构成了流动人口追求幸福的实质内涵.社会融合因素的影响效应甚微,城乡差距的曝光度和城市固有的社会歧视导致流动人口产生强烈的剥夺感和不幸感.(3)教育程度、经济收入和权利保障因素对不同代际流动人口的主观幸福感有显著的影响差异.基于此,在政策层面,提高流动人口的主观幸福感需要立足于经济、政治、文化等多元面向,关注群体内部分化,针对不同需求层次,构建差异化的幸福建设体系.

Subjective Well-being and Generational Differences of Migrants

Using the data of China Labor-force Dynamic Survey in 2012, this paper analyses subjective well-being of migrants and its influencing factors, compares subjective well-being of different generations. The results show that, firstly, most migrants feel happy. Coincided with the golden age of the pursuit of dreams and self-realization, the new generation of migrants is happier than the old generation. Secondly, economic demands, rights protection and justice constitute the substance of subjective well-being for the migrants. However, effect of social integration factors is little. Exposure of the urban-rural gap and social discrimination cause a strong sense of relative deprivation and unhappiness on the part of migrants. Thirdly, education, economic income and rights protection have a significantly different impact on subjective well-being between the new generation and the old generation. Thereby, in order to improve subjective well-being of migrants, the policy maker should consider not only the economic, political, cultural and other multi-oriented factors but also group differentiation and different hierarchy of needs of migrants.