从互惠经济到市场经济——基诺族经济形态变迁的实质分析

基诺族作为中国的山地少数民族之一,其传统经济形式是以刀耕火种为主,采集狩猎为辅的初级农业。在这种经济形态中,经济与社会是嵌合在一起的,经济活动与教育、宗教、歌舞等形式不分彼此;人与人之间的经济往来依据的是互助,互惠互利原则。然而经过人民公社化,特别是经过山地、林地制度改革和引入市场经济之后,基诺族的经济和社会文化的嵌合关系被打破,经济变迁与社会文化变迁不再同步。基诺族的经济形态由互惠经济转变为市场经济。在此过程中,出现基诺族传统文化的快速变异。

Ecoleution from Mutually - Benefited Economy to Market Economy——Analysis of the Nature of the Change in the Jinuo''''s Economic Pattern

The Jinuo,one of China's mountainous ethnic groups,enjoyed a traditional economic pattern mostly dependent on the primary slash-and burn farming together with food forage and hunting activities.In this situation,economy,embedded with the society,was combined with the activities of education,religion,and dancing.People followed a principle of mutual assistance and benefit.Later,the embedment between economy and social culture of the Jinuo people had been totally broken since the practice of the people's commune,especially the reform of hillside field and forest system,and the introduction of the market economy.The Jinuo's economy,asynchronous with its social change,has turned from a mutually-benefited one into the one oriented to the market.During this course,the traditional culture of the Jinuo has taken on radical changes.