心理表征隐喻与框架问题

心理表征是人类认识世界过程中必不可少的环节,它与隐喻有着极为密切的关系。隐喻既是一种修辞方式,也是一种认知和表征手段。心理表征的根隐喻主要有两种:一是逻辑隐喻,另一是比例模型隐喻,它们都有各自的优势。前者具有解释思想序列的保真性、解释的系统性、抽象表征性和描述性特征,后者具有易操作性、结构同一性、可测量性、易理解性和对框架问题的免疫性特征;前者通常会遇到框架问题,后者则对框架问题有免疫性。而仅依据内在和外在表征的区别来说明这两种隐喻对框架问题的敏感性是有问题的,因为这太依赖于固有和任意约束的区别。认知科学家常常以这两个隐喻为前提,试图通过机械化形式实现人的认知和思维过程,而这些也正是科学哲学家极为感兴趣并提出质疑的症结所在。

Features of Mental Representational Metaphors and Analysis of Frame Problem

In the process of cognition,mental representation is inevitable and important for knowledge-making and it keeps a tight connection with metaphors which is both a form of cognition and a way of representing world.Representation,no matter mental one or knowledge one,has two kinds of metaphors.One is logic metaphor that often runs into frame problem,the other is scale model metaphor that immunizes it to frame problem.The two metaphors are often used by cognitive scientists to solve problem of thinking.