清末民初乡村精英离乡的“新学”教育原因

近代以前 ,中国社会以传统的“旧学”教育一统天下。 190 5年科举制度废除 ,标志着“新学”教育制度在中国最终确立。新式学校的迅猛增加 ,“新学”教育机会的拓宽 ,以及失去往日旧学教育内在社会整合机制的“新学”教育体制 ,为绅士阶层提供了社会流动资源。与此同时 ,近代“新学”教育体制在学堂地域分布、各专业学堂比例、主要教学内容等方面都始终疏离于乡村社会 ,从而进一步加速了乡村精英离乡的步伐。

"New Learning" Education System: A reason for Elites to Leave from Rural Community in the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China

Before modern times the "Old-Learning" had an absolute predomination in the educational field. In 1905 the imperial examination system was abolished, which indicated that the "New-Learning" educational system was established in China ultimately. The elites was provided with social resources for their mobility by the increasing new style of school, the broadening opportunity of the education and the "New-Learning" educational system which lost the internal mechanism of "Old-Learning" educational system for social conformity. At the same time in modern times the "New-Learning" educational system had stood off the rural community in some aspects such as the geographical distribution of the school, the proportion of professional school, the main content of the teaching and so on, which accelerated the speed of the elites' leaving steps from rural community.