美国有关生物入侵的州示范法及其对我国的启示

生物入侵对美国所造成的环境、经济和健康等威胁已引起公众和政府的广泛关注,除联邦立法以外,目前各州均已有相关立法,但综合性的专门立法尚缺。2004年美国环境法研究所草拟了生物入侵州示范法,希冀为各州的综合性专门立法提供一个基本范式。我国许多省级区域,包括北京在内同样深受生物入侵危害,但迄今综合性的中央立法和地方立法均欠缺。借鉴美国生物入侵州示范法,进行北京市生物入侵综合性地方立法,既可为首都生物入侵防控工作奠定法制基础,亦可为其他省提供参考,并最终为我国中央一级的生物入侵综合性专门立法提供试点经验。

Inspirations of U.S. State Model Law on Invasive Species to China

Environmental, economic and health threats posed by biological invasion have captured attentions of both the public and the government in the United States. All states have relevant laws to defend the threats besides federal legislations, but a comprehensive one is still in deficient. In 2004, the Environmental Law Institute drafted a state model law on invasive species to provide a paradigm for a comprehensive state statute. Many provincial areas in China including Beijing suffer from invasive species but there is neither a comprehensive central statute nor local ones now. Using U.S. state model law on invasive species as reference, the enactment of a comprehensive local statute on invasive species in Beijing can not only lay a legal foundation for invasive species management in the capital city, but also provide a model for legislations in other provincial areas. Finally, it can act as an experiment for future comprehensive national statute on the issue in China.