詹姆斯·奥康纳的生态马克思主义理论

自20世纪60年代以来,由于环境问题的日益凸显及西方各种生态理论的出现,马克思主义在西方面临严峻的生态挑战。很多人主张将其作为一种过时的理论加以摒弃,甚至生态马克思主义的创立者也主张在保留批判方法的基础上发展马克思主义。经过三十多年的发展,生态马克思主义终于先后出现了以詹姆斯·奥康纳和约翰·贝拉米·福斯特为代表的成熟理论成果。由于理论倾向和资料限制,国内研究主要集中于福斯特,对奥康纳则关注不足,本文试图全面阐述奥康纳"历史的唯物主义观念""资本主义的第二重矛盾理论""生态社会主义理论"等思想,并在此基础上做出评价。

James O’Connor’s Ecological Marxism Theory

Since the 1960 s,due to the increasingly prominent environmental problems and the emergence of various western ecological theories,Marxism has faced severe ecological challenges in the west.Many argued for its rejection as an outdated theory,and even the founders of Ecology Marxism argued for the development of Marxism on the foundation of retaining the critical method.After more than thirty years of development,Ecological Marxism has finally appeared mature theoretical results represented by James O’Connor and John Bellamy Foster.However,due to theoretical tendency and data limitations,domestic research mainly focuses on Foster,while insufficient attention has been paid to O’Connor.This paper attempts to fully expound the thoughts of O’Connor,such as historical materialism,the second contradiction of capitalism and ecological socialism theory,and also makes an evaluation on this basis.