朱熹理一分殊的理气论与冯友蘭新理学之对比研究

旨在针对冯友兰建构新理学形上学四项核心概念:「理」、「气」、「道体」与「大全」与朱熹哲学相对应之核心概念,进行对比性之研究。冯先生深受英美实在论的逻辑分析法之影响,认为这是正的形上学方法。他以这种方法对朱熹形上学相对应的概念进行了格义式的诠解,他自谓其新理学形上学不是照着朱子的讲法讲,而是接着讲,企图发展出一套新的中国哲学之形上学。朱熹的理气可分不可离,且富有机性的联系。朱子的「无极而太极」以「无极」来描述最高实有「太极」之形上属性。冯先生的理、气、太极、道体皆为真实(本体)之抽象思辨所得之概念,与朱熹机体宇宙论格格不入。冯先生真际与实际(现象世界)之割裂虽不契于朱熹的理在气中之宇宙观,然而,他引介西方新实在论来重构新理学之尝试和成果,为中国传统哲学之未来可能发展,提供了新视域、新思维法、诠释法,启迪之功不可没。

A Comparative Study of LiQi theory of Zhu Xi’s "Universal Variety" and Feng Youlan s New Confucianism

This article aims to conduct a comparative study of the metaphysically four core concepts of Feng Youlan’s New Confucianism, namely, Li, Qi, Dao body, and Completeness, and the corresponding concepts of Zhu Xi’s philosophy. Deeply influenced by Anglo American logical analysis approach, Mr Feng considered it as a positive method of metaphysics. In this way he made a brand-new interpretation of the corresponding metaphysic concepts of Zhu Xi, claiming that it is not copying but consecutive research with the attempt to develop a new set of Chinese philosophy of metaphysics. Separated but not split, Zhu Xi’s Li and Qi are of organic relation. Zhu Xi’s philosophy "something out of nothing" described the highest nature of metaphysics of "Tai Chi" with "infinite". Mr Feng’s concepts of Li, Qi, Dao body are all shaped from Noumenon, which are incompatible with Zhu Xi’s organic cosmology. Mr. Feng’s split of reality and the practical (phenomenal world) are not compatible with Zhu Xi’s cosmology of Li residing within Qi. However, his attempt of introducing western neorealism to reconstruct New Confucianism and his research results are greatly contributive to the development Chinese traditional philosophy, providing new horizon, new thinking approach, and new interpretation method.