从人的三重属性看异化劳动

马克思对异化劳动的批判基于这样的一个前提:即对于人之自由自觉的活动的类本质的强调,这其实是对于人的类同一性的强调和尊重。基于这样一种视角,人的活动就往往被看作是一种劳动付出与劳动收入能够对等的理想的活动。但是,人既是类性的存在,又是群体性的、个体性的存在,因此,人的现实活动既有类的统一,又有群体性的、个体性的差异与分离,这种差异与分离常常使劳动付出与劳动收入难以对等化。于是,当人们从理想的类利益统一之角度来看待现实的有利益差异的人的劳动时,现实的劳动就被看作了异化的劳动。

The Alienated Labor from the Perspective of Man's Triple Attribute

Marx’s critique of alienated labor is based on such a premise: the emphasis on gattungswesen of human’s free and self-conscious activity.In fact,this emphasis stresses and respects homogenousness of human being.In this perspective,human’s activity is often viewed as certain ideal kind of activity by which labour payout can be corresponding to labour income.However,human is a unity of category,groupment and individuality.Therefore,there are not only unity of category but also difference and separation in human’s activity,the difference and separation often make the correspondence between labour payout and labour income difficult to realize.Thereupon,when we regard realistic human labour which has interest difference from the ideal unity of interest of category,realistic human labour is viewed as alienated labor.