清代喀尔喀九白年贡仪制

喀尔喀左右翼在顺治八年(1651年)第一次遣台吉到北京进贡白驼一匹、白马八匹,确立了九白年贡关系。康熙三十年(1691年)多伦诺尔会盟之后,喀尔喀部归顺清朝。清廷允许政教大首领哲布尊丹巴呼图克图、土谢图汗、车臣汗每年冬季遣使进京年贡九白,以尽臣子职责,并未编入蒙古王公年班或喇嘛年班,既尊重他们在喀尔喀部的传统地位,又有强化管理之意。清廷在贡道、贡品、筵宴、朝礼、赏赐等方面,都有严格的规定。

Khalka Etiquette System of Yearly Nine-white Tributes in the Qing Dynasty

In the eighth year of Shunzhi(1651),Khalka’s left and right wings first sent their TAIJI to Beijing to pay the tributes of one white camel and eight white horses so that the relationship of yearly nine-white tributes was established.In the thirtieth year of Kangxi(1691),after the alliance in Dolon-nuur,Kangxi accepted officially Khalka’s subjection.The Qing court allowed the political and religious leaders Jebtsundamba Khutughtu,Tushetu Khan and Sechen Khan to send their officials to Beijing for the nine-white tributes every winter.However,they were not enrolled in Nian Ban on Mongolian Aristocrats and Nian Ban on Lama.Thus their traditional positions in Khalka tribe were kept and the management was strengthened.The Qing court rigorously stipulated tribute roads,tributes,feasts,pilgrimage etiquette and largess.