欧洲社会政策的积极化转型

从政治学的视角对过去二十年中大部分经合组织国家发生的积极化转型提出一些解释，可以更好地理解发生这一转型的原因。概括起来，主要有三个因素：　在经合组织经济体中劳动力市场的后工业化发展；其他途径在解决大规模失业问题上的无能为力；政党想通过创新性和现代化的劳动力市场改革来树立声名的愿望。这一观点在丹麦、英国、荷兰、瑞典、德国、法国和意大利等七个欧洲国家所经历的发展轨迹中得到展现。

The Activation Turn in European Social Policy

The objective of this article is to provide an account of the activation turn that has taken place in most OECD countries over the last two decades.Taking a political science perspective,this article puts forward a number of explanations that help us understand why this happened.It argues that three factors are particularly helpful in order to account for this shift: the development of post-industrial labour markets in OECD economies;the failure of alternative approaches to mass unemployment and the wish of political parties to claim credit for innovative and modern labour market reforms.This argument is illustrated by the trajectories followed in seven European countries: Denmark,the UK,the Netherlands,Sweden,Germany,France and Italy.