关于在海洋生态犯罪中设置过失危险犯的探讨

对海洋生态犯罪这种新型的环境犯罪,中国现行刑事法律表现出惩治滞后、应对不力的特点,对其治理应突破传统理论的桎梏。海洋生态犯罪严重的法益侵害性和刑罚预防功能为设置过失危险犯提供了理论依据。过失危险犯宜设置在污染型海洋生态犯罪之中,危险状态设置为具体危险犯符合过失危险行为入罪的本质特征。在坚持罪刑平衡的原则下,过失危险犯的刑罚不宜过重,可以适用自由刑、普遍适用罚金刑并提高罚金数额、增加资格刑和考虑非刑罚措施的适用。

Discussion on Establishing Negligent Potential Damage Offense in Marine Ecological Crime

The current criminal legislation in China lacks immediate response and effective measures to marine ecological crime. To control this new type of environmental crime, we should break up the shackle of traditional theory. Its harmfulness to legal interests and punishment prevention function provide theoretical basis for the establishment of negligent potential damage offense. Negligent potential damage offense should be established in the pollution type of marine ecological crime. The establishment of this damage offense as the concrete potential damage offense conforms to the essential characteristics of negligent crimes. Under the principle of suiting responsibility and punishment to crime, the punishment of negligent potential damage offense should not be too heavy. Freedom penalty, fine penalty,qualification penalty and non-penalty measures are suggested.