清水江杉木“实生苗”技术的历史与传统农林知识

杉木是我国特有的速生商品材树种,生长快,材质好。黔东南清水江流域是全国最适宜人工杉木栽培的地方,从清初到现在一直是人工栽杉的重要基地,素有中国"杉木之乡"的美誉。清朝中期以后清水江流域培植的林木主要以杉木为主,黔东南苗族侗族根据传统的杉木栽培经验,系统发明和普遍使用"实生苗"栽培技术,以后这项技术传到湘西林区,经过不同区域间的技术交流,历经民国、新中国,杉木植林技术日臻完备"实生苗"技术与苗族侗族传统农林知识运用有密切关系。

The Technical History of Fir Tree Seedlings in Qingshui River Basin and the Traditional Knowledge of Agriculture and Forestry

Fir tree is a kind of fast - growing merchantable tree with good texture, peculiar in China. The Qingshui River Basin in the southeast of Guizhou is the most suitable area for its artificial cultivation in China. From the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to the present, it is the major base for artificial cultivation of fir trees and has won the good name of ＂the native place of fir＂. Since the mid - Qing Dynasty, fir trees have been cultivated as the main product in the Qingshui River Basin. The Miao and Dong people in the southeast of Guizhou have in- vented systematically and applied widely the technology of seedlings from seeds in accordance with traditional knowledge. Later, this technology spread to the forestry region in western Hunan. The technical exchange among different regions, from the Republic of China to the People＇ s Republic of China, has made the fir forestation technology increasingly mature. The seedlings technology is closely connected with the application of the traditional Miao and Dong knowledge in agriculture and forestry.