义务教育阶段基础性办学条件的区域差异研究——基于义务教育均衡发展评估合格县的数据

运用2013-2016年义务教育均衡发展评估数据，从场地、设施、师资三个维度，对八大综合区基础性办学条件的均衡程度与发展水平实证研究发现：初中阶段基础性办学条件总体均衡程度高于小学，区域间场地和设施条件均衡程度高于师资条件。东部沿海地区小学和初中之间的均衡程度相差最小，西北地区小学的基础性办学条件绝对值高且均衡程度高，长江中游地区小学、初中的基础性办学条件绝对值低且均衡程度低。东北地区小学、初中设施条件的绝对值低但均衡，场地条件和师资条件绝对值高但均衡程度低。西南地区、黄河中游、北部沿海、南部沿海四个地区的小学、初中各类指标绝对值较低且均衡程度相差较大。推进义务教育均衡发展，下阶段应从优化顶层设计、健全制度保障、强化政府责任、缩小区域差距、改革经费制度、改善办学条件、优化师资队伍等方面着力。

Regional Differences in the Basic Conditions for Running Compulsory Schools: Based on the Data of Qualified Counties

Based on the data of qualified countries of balanced development of compulsory education during 2013-16, from the three dimensions of site, facilities and teachers, an empirical study was conducted on the balanced degree and developmental level of basic conditions for running schools between eight regions. The study has the following findings. The basic conditions for running schools in junior middle schools are more balanced than in elementary schools.All regions'' sites and facilities conditions are more balanced than teachers condition. The difference between junior middle schools and elementary schools in eastern coastal areas is minimum. The balanced degree and developmental level of basic conditions for running elementary schools in northwestern areas are better than other areas. The balanced degree and developmental level of basic conditions for running schools in the middle reaches of Yangtze River areas are the biggest and lowest. The facilities in northeastern schools are balanced but its developmental level is lower. The developmental levels of sites and teachers are higher but its balanced degrees are bigger. The developmental index is lower and balanced degree bigger in southwestern, middle of Yellow River, northern coastal, southern coastal areas. To promote balanced development of compulsory education, we should optimize top-level design, complete institution guarantee system, reinforce governments'' duty, narrow the regional gap, reform educational finance policy, improve schoolconditions and optimize the teaching staff.