科举偏科及其对古代司法影响研究

科举制是中国古代以分“科”举人为特征的一种官吏选拔制度，然而，由于长期以来受儒家贤能治国、精英统治思想的影响及官府有意识的引导，致使人们从科举创制以来就产生了偏重进士科的“偏科”现象，在进士科一科独重的阴影下，主要以选拔法律人才为主的明法科逐渐式微且终被废除。中国古代行政与司法不分的体制，决定了通过科举选拔的官吏在日常工作中要承担重要的司法职能，而科举的偏科取士则加剧了古代司法实践中以儒家经义代替法律的倾向，造成了司法官员法律素质普遍低下，在清代则几乎完全由刑名幕友把持司法的局面。在司法与行政相分离、法律与道德有分殊的当代，“偏科”则为选拔和造就一支高素质的法官队伍所必需，只是“偏”的方向已侧重于应试者对专门法律知识和技能的掌握，而这也是司法考试日益成为法律人的“抡才大典”的重要原因。

Based Imperial Examination and Its Impact on Ancient Judicature

The Imperial Examination is a selection of judicial officials which is characterized as distinguishing subjects.However,Confucianism advocated elite politics and held that wise men should rule the country,and the government also guided towards this deliberately.As a result,from the origin of the Imperial Examination,it was biased towards Jinshi subject.In the shadow of overly enhanced Jinshi subject,judicial subject which was aimed to select judicial talents faded and was abolished eventually.In ancient Chi...