论《金瓶梅》中的商业老板与伙计关系

《金瓶梅》表现了一种新的人伦关系———商业老板与伙计之间的雇佣关系。这种雇佣关系建立在共同经营的合作关系之上,是一种有贫富、尊卑、主次差别的不平等关系,又是一种比较松散、自由、人我界限明确的契约关系,还是一种以经济利益为纽带的买卖关系。这种经济上的雇佣关系还扩展到他们之间的两性生活和政治生活中。它不同于传统的君臣、父子、兄弟、夫妻、朋友关系,也不同于传统的主子奴才的人身依附关系,不再重"仁义"、"忠诚"的传统伦理道德,雇佣双方具有一定的独立性和自主性,是一种新的人伦关系的萌芽。

On the Relationship between the Boss and Salesclerks in The Golden Lotus

The Golden Lotus depicts a kind of new human relationship, i.e., the r elationship between the boss and the salesclerks that has been established on th e basis of cooperation in business transactions. With the characteristics of dis tinctions between wealth and poverty, superiority and inferiority, and the prima ry and secondary, such relationship is, in fact, a loosely and freely structured contract relationship with clear-cut boundaries between one another. Yet this m ercenary bond with economic ties extends to the sexual and political life of the two parties concerned. Unlike the traditional relationship between monarch and subjects, father and son, husband and wife, brothers and friends, or the interde pendent relationship between master and servants, it no longer abides by traditi onal moral ethics with great attachment to "benevolence" and "loyalty". Sinc e both parties of the hiring and being hired enjoy certain independence and init iative, it represents the beginning of a new human relationship.