中国哲学“体知”的意义——从西方诠释学的观点看

"体知"是中国哲学所特有的面对和把握世界的方式。它不同于一般的认识方法,与西方近代主客二分的知识论更是不可同日而语。儒家的"体知"观念则更重在个体生命的修身成德和道德实践性的充分扩展,凸显出"观乎人文,以化成天下"的旨趣。作为认识社会、体悟人生的实践型智慧,"体知"重视内在的省察,反观自我之心灵,而非一味地逐于外物;强调个体生命的亲历性和在场感,将知识的获得和生命的直接体验融合为一体,视求知为一个知识内在化的过程。同时,"体知"又包含了身、心、灵、神等不同的层面,在社会实践的场域中,不断地反思和重构已有的历史意识。就个体生命而言,"体知"是一个接受教化、融入群体的过程,又是见证人类普遍精神、存续文明脉流的不息活动。

The Meaning of Tizhi (Internal Awareness) In Chinese Philosophy:From a Point of View by Western Hermeneutics

Tizhi is a unique way in facing with and knowing of the world in Chinese philosophy.It differs from the general methodology of epistemology.A Confucian Tizhi emphasizes the moral development of individual life,intrinsic examination,and the mind of oneself.It also emphasizes the acquisition of knowledge combined with direct experience,and believes that the process of acquiring knowledge is the one of the internalization of knowledge.Tizhi includes different strata,such as body,mind,soul,and spirit.As for the individual life,it is a process of being educated and merging into community.It is a continuous activity which witnesses universal spirit of human being,as well as the continuation of the flow of civilization.