论依法行政中的法律优先与法律保留

法律优先原则和法律保留原则是依法行政的内容,也是确定行政立法权限的原则。法律优先要求高位阶的法律规范的效力优越于低位阶的法律规范,低位阶的法律规范不得与高位阶的法律规范相抵触,同时还要求公民基本权利对行政的直接效力和违反法律优先原则的审查。法律保留原则中的“法律”不包括行政立法,相对法律保留中的“法律”是授权法。法律保留原则的范围已经从干预行政扩大到给付行政、内部行政等领域,重要性理论是判断法律保留范围的主要根据。我国法律保留原则已经得以确立,但是还有需要加强之处,法律保留原则的实现也同样需要违宪审查或司法审查机制的保障。

On Law Reservation and Law Superiority in Administration by Law

The doctrines of law superiority and law reservation are the important requests in administration by law.Law superiority requests that the higher stage rules be superior to the lower stage rules.It also requests that the fundamental citizen's rights have direct effect.The "law" in law reservation excludes administrative legislation.The "law" in relative law reservation should be the law of delegation.The sphere of law reservation extends to paying administration and internal administration besides interfering administration.We usually decide the sphere of law reservation according to the theory of importance.The doctrine of law reservation has be written in the laws and its effect should be strengthened.And it needs judicial review system.