中国进口商品技术结构的测算及其国际比较

本文构建一个分析进口商品技术结构的新框架，对中国进口商品技术结构、各类进口商品在中国市场上的比较优势变化进行了分析，并把中国与8个发达国家、8个发展中国家的进口商品技术结构情况进行了比较分析。研究结果表明：在2000-2010年期间，中国进口商品的技术结构高度整体表现为先下降、后上升的态势，近年来，中国进口技术结构高度增长相对较快，目前，中等技术工业制成品是我国第一大进口商品；不同类型国家向中国出口的商品结构不同，发达国家向中国主要出口中高技术工业制成品，发展中国家向中国主要出口初级产品和金属类制成品；发达国家垄断了中国中高技术工业制成品进口，高技术工业制成品在中国市场上的比较优势增加速度较快，日本高技术工业制成品的比较优势水平较低、进口规模较大，美国、德国、法国的比较优势水平较高、进口规模较小。增加从西方发达国家进口高技术工业制成品是中国今后的重点方向。

Measuring the Technical Structure of Chinese Imports and Its International Comparison

This paper constructs a new framework to measure the imports technical structure , analyzes its comparative advantage changing in China, and compares Chinese imports structure with 8 developed countries as well as another 8 developing countries. The results show that, from 2000 to 2010, the level of Chinese imports technical structure is firstly decreased and then increased, and in recent years, it has relatively fast growth. The middle-technology manufactured goods has become the largest imports in China. There are different import structures for China because of the different export counties. The developed countries mainly export the high technology industrial manufactured goods to China, and the developing countries mainly export primary products and metal manufactured goods to China. The developed countries monopolize the Chinese imports of high technology manufactured goods, and their comparative advantage increase faster, The comparative advantage of Japanese high technology manufactured goods has a low level and large imports, while that in USA, Germany and France are all high level and small imports. It is important for China to increase the imports of high technology manufactured goods from the western developed countries in future.