中国儿童福利制度的权利基础及其限度

从社会权利的角度对中国农村孤儿保护体制进行考察,可以发现中国农村孤儿主要由父系扩展家庭提供经济支持和替代性养护。亲属养护的前提不是基于儿童拥有普遍的公民权,而是基于儿童在家庭之内,特别是在父系血缘家庭内的亲属权。基于亲属权的儿童保护制度有其优势。但是,在家庭规模缩小,针对儿童个体发展的抚养成本提高,社会两极分化严重,亲属照料得到的非正式社会支持减少的情况下,基于亲属权的制度已经不能对儿童提供有效的保护。因此,中国的儿童保护制度迫切需要根本性的转变,即从基于亲权保护原则的制度向基于公民社会权利制度的转变,以便对所有的儿童提供有效的支持和保护。

Children's Rights and Social Assistance to Orphaned Children

The main findings of the research are that Chinese orphans are mainly supported and cared for by their extended families.The premise of the child protection system is not that children have universal human rights as citizens of China.The family based system has its advantages in child protection.However,given the reduced size of families in China,higher costs of raising children,and declining of rural communities,the family based system is no longer able to provide enough support to orphans.The authors argu...