"预备立宪"百年祭——祭晚清预备立宪中的政治妥协

晚清预备立宪是中国政治史上鲜有的政治妥协的产物。尽管这种妥协是有限的,但正是这种有限的政治妥协,成就了预备立宪,并在实际上拉开了近代中国政治史上最深刻的一次政治变革的序幕。从其宣布、发展到失败的三个阶段,预备立宪经历了多次不同程度的政治妥协。其中新政派与立宪派的妥协,促成了出洋考察政治之决定;反宪派与亲宪派的妥协,成就了仿行立宪上谕之颁布;当权派与立宪派的妥协,催助了《钦定宪法大纲》之问世;预备立宪派与速即立宪派的妥协,达成了国会提前召开之共识;预备立宪派与革命派的妥协,导致了“十九信条”之出台。对于当时的晚清政府而言,这种妥协或许是被动的,因而也是有限的。但是在其百年之后的今日,我们再来祭奠这段历史的时候,或许应当有更多的启示。

A Hundred Year's Fiesta for the "Preparation for Constitutionalism": To Sacrifice the Political Compromise in the Preparation for Constitutionalism in the Late Qing Dynasty

The preparation for constitutionalism in the Late Qing dynasty was the outcome of the political compromise,which rarely existed in the political history of China.Though this compromise was confined,exactly this confined political compromise achieved the preparation for constitutionalism,and,practically,drew back the prologue of the deepest political reform in the political history of modern China.The preparation for constitutionalism experienced many political compromises of different degrees from its announcement,development to the defeat.The compromise between the "New Political Party" and the constitutionalists urged the decision on going abroad to survey the politics.The compromise between the people for and against the constitutionalism carried out "the imperial edict about imitate the form of government of constitutionalism".The compromise between the authority and the constitutionalists promoted the birth of the Constitutional Guidelines Made by Imperil Order.The compromise between the preparatory constitutionalists and the immediate constitutionalists cast into the consensus that convoked Parliament in advance.The compromise between the preparatory constitutionalists and the revolutionary led to the outcome of the Major Creeds.The compromise might be passive for the Late Qing government,so it was confined.But,when we sacrifice the period of history after a hundred year,there could be more significant.