法律缘何被遵守?——一个法经济学进路的阐释

守法是法律由应然到实然的关键环节。因此探究守法的内在动因便具有重要的意义。论文以法经济学为研究进路，以“经济人”的视角论证了守法／违法行为并非是对法律道德情感的使然，而是对守法成本一收益综合考量后的必然反应。当违法成本吞噬守法成本时，守法便成为一种经济的选择。基于此，要使法律获得普遍遵守，必须不断降低守法成本，通过形成国家与民间二元互动的惩罚格局，提高违法成本。并在此认识框架内，以当下正在进行的“控烟运动”为例进行初步的实证分析，试图揭示出控烟失败的根本原因。

Why is the Law Obeyed by People:An Interpretation of Law and Economics Approach

Law abiding is an important part in rule of law,thus exploration of the intrinsic motivation of law-abiding acts is deemed of great significance.From the perspective of "Homo economics" and with the Law and Economics research approach,this paper argues that a law-abiding act is not a behavior driven by the law,morality or emotion,but an inevitable response to the overall consideration of compliance costs or benefits.When incompliance tolls swallow up compliance costs,law-abiding acts become an economic choice. On this condition,to make compliance a commonplace,compliance costs shall be reduced while incompliance tolls increased on an on-going basis through a penalty pattern featuring government-citizen binary interaction.With this understanding,this paper then embarks on a preliminary empirical analysis of the on-going "tobacco-controlling campaign",in an effort to identify the root cause of the failure of tobacco-controlling.