征服与被征服——从忽必烈“治天下”的制度措施看军事征服与经济文化征服的关系

恩格斯曾经指出:“在长期的征服中,比较野蛮的征服者,在绝大多数情况下,都不得不适应征服后存在的比较高的‘经济情况’:他们为被征服者所同化,而且大部分还不得不采用被征服者的语言。”蒙古贵族得天下主要靠的是军事征服、民族战争,对于被征服的民族和人们来说,他们是征服者。但在他们得天下之后,要完成“治天下”的任务,却不能只靠屠杀与镇压,还要着重解决经济问题和思想文化统治的问题。他们必须适应先进地区的经济与文化,采取适合当地情况的政治经济制度。落后的征服者最终被先进的经济文化所征服,否则就难以维持自己的暴力统治。

To Conquer and Being Conquered--Relationship Between Military and Economic-cultural Conquest as Seen in Kublai Khan''''s Policy of "Governing a Country"

Mongolian aristocrats conquered the country primarily by military conquests and national wars.They were conquerors in the eyes of the people they had conquered.But after they conquered the country,they could never expect to govern the country well only by ways of massacres and suppressions.They had to solve the problem of economy and the problem of ideological and cultural rule.They had to adapt themselves to the economy and culture of the advanced regions and to adopt the political and economic system that conformed to the conquered country.The backward conquerors were finally conquered by the advanced economy and culture,otherwise they could never maintain their violent rule.