科学知识与哲学知识中的时空问题

科学知识中的时间和空间是客观的物质的,具有不以人的意志为转移的客观性。其时间具有过去——现在——未来的发展的一维性,而其空间具有三维性或与时间相结合的四维性。而哲学知识中的时间和空间具有主、客观统一的异质性、可逆性。其时间具有以现在为基础和中心的向心性,以及以未来为中心的预设目标的超越性;其空间具有以人自身和人的创造物为中心和尺度的向心性。造成这种状况的原因是:科学活动中以尽量排除人的心理和人的活动的因素的干扰而保持科学成果的纯粹客观性,而哲学活动作为一种对整体性的追求和对前提条件的不断追问,把人的活动,特别是产生创造物的物质和精神活动及其结果看作是主客观统一的过程和结果,正是人的精神的以人为中心的向心性和可逆性、无限的个体性赋予了哲学(还有艺术、宗教等反思性知识)知识具有主、客观统一的异质性、可逆性、向心性等。由于人的生活、特别是物质生产活动具有人的意识的对象化、客观化和客观事物及其规律对人的内化和理性化统一的特点,所以,社会历史的实践活动中,科学知识的时间和空间以及哲学知识的时间和空间互为前提和基础,相互促进和转化。

An Initial Discussion on Space-time Issue in Science Knowledge and Philosophy Knowledge.

In science knowledge, with temporal linearity featuring a past- present- future process and spatial four- dimensionality featuring the combination of its three- dimensionality and time,both time and space are objective and homogeneous, the objective lawofwhich is beyond human's will. Differently, with temporal centrality based on the concept of the present and center as well as its transcendentalism focused on that of the future, and spatial centrality regardingthe human selfand its creatures as its center and measure, both time and space feature heterogeneityand re- versibility unified with subjectivity and objectivity in philosophy knowledge.The difference lies in that science prefers to keep to its objectivity than human's practices, including materiality and mentality, as a process and effect unified with subjectivity and objectivity. In the socio- historical practices, the space- times in both science and philosophy knowledge are premised and based on each other, inter- actingand inter- transforming.