学科范式转变中的"民俗志"——以《中国民俗文化志》的"标志性文化统领式"民俗志为例

自1950年代至今,中国民俗学·民间文艺学学术史上出现了几次关于田野作业的大型讨论,2006年12月在京召开的"民族志、民俗志的理论与实践学术研讨会"便是其最新进展。主持人刘铁梁在会上介绍了《中国民俗文化志》的首批成果,对于中国民俗学·民间文艺学目前关心的一个问题——"我们究竟如何撰写当前的民俗学·民间文艺学所期待的民俗志?"——做了回答。本文将《中国民俗文化志》所依赖的概念("标志性文化")与写作模式("标志性文化统领式")加以批评,重启它所蕴含的可能性,以促使当前中国民俗学·民间文艺学有关田野作业的讨论继续发展。

"Ethnography"in Paradigm Shift:the Case of"Ethnography of Chinese F0lk Culture"

Since 1950s, the circles of China Folklore and Folk Art have had several debates on field work. The latest advance on the matter was discussed in the Forum "Academic Investigation of Theories and Practice of Ethnography" that was held in Beijing, December 2006. The moderator of that event, Tieliang Liu, introduced us to the first results of investigations through the work " Ethnography of Chinese Folk Culture", in which we can find an answer to the issue that the Chinese Folklore and Folk Art Academic circle is most concerned about these days: "How should our investigation yield an ethnography that is expected by Folklore and Folk Art?". In this paper, the concepts ( "symbol of culture") and writing mode ("symbol of cultural guide") of " Ethnography of Chinese Folk Culture" are criticized, bringing out to light a new range of possibilities that those concepts might contain, in order to promote the development of the discussions on field work of contemporary Chinese Folklore and Folk Art.