从小隐、大隐到中隐——论隐逸观念的递嬗及其文化意蕴

隐逸是中国士人心理—行为哲学的命题之一,也是士人内在价值取向与处世态度的外在表征。隐逸历经小隐、大隐到中隐的嬗变,三者有轩轾之别,高下之分。隐逸在其历时性演进过程中,逐渐淡化了传统隐逸以道抗势的抗议精神,显示出隐逸精神化、世俗化的走向,反映了在世俗王权为代表的势统的挤压下士人持守的道统的不断整合和重新定位。

From the Petty to the Great and to the Middle in Reclusion-the Evolution of the Reclusion Conception and Its Cultural Implication

Reclusion, as one of the propositions in traditional Chinese literati's psychology-behavior philosophy, was the external manifestation of their internal value orientation and way they behaved in society. Reclusion underwent the evolution from the petty to the great and to the middle finally. The three types were of differences in degree of superiority or inferiority. In the course of the evolution, the traditional reclusion's spirit of protesting against the power by way of Tao weakened gradually and as a result, became more and more intellectual and secular, which reflected the sustained changing, integration and position re-fixation on the part of the Confucian orthodoxy held by the literati, under the pressure of the overbearing power represented by the secular imperial authority.