抗日战争时期的高等文官考试制度

高等文官考试是国民政府级别最高的一种文官考试.抗日战争时期,考试院在变通考试原则与考试方法,降低考试要求与录取标准的同时,继续推广高等文官考试制度.战时高等文官考试制度的变通,如考试种类增多、录取比例提高、及格人数相应增加,顺应了当时的需要,为各机关输送了一定数量的中下级公务人员,成为政府选拔公务员的一个重要途径.但由于战时环境的影响,官僚体制下私人政治的冲击,以及考试院虽有选拔人才的权力,而没有真正任用人才的权力,致使部分考试及格人员分发到各机关后,长期闲置而难获任用,一定程度降低了抗日战争时期高等文官考试的成效.

On the High Civil Servant Examination System during the War of Resistance Against Japan

The high civil servant examination was one of the highest-ranking civil servant examinations held by the national government.In order to select the civil servants for governmental departments at all levels,the Examination Yuan continued to carry out the high civil servant examination system during the War of Resistance Against Japan.In the wartime,the Examination Yuan had to be flexible in carrying out the principles and methods of the examination,and simplify the examination procedure,and lower its requirements and the standard of admission.At the same time,the Examination Yuan sent those who had passed the examinations to the Central Political School for the specialized training so as to improve their political quality and administrative ability.From 1939 through 1945,the Examination Yuan held 15 high civil servant examinations,with an enrolment of 2 060 candidates.After being trained and re-tested, these candidates were assigned to work at various institutions by the Examination Yuan.Of the total number of them,1531 were assigned to Central Government departments and 251 to local government departments.Having adapting the examinations to the wartime needs,the Examination Yuan increased the types of the examination,the enrolment ratio and the number of those passing the examinations.Then,a certain number of mid-level or low-level officials were assigned to governmental departments at different levels.It thus became an important way to select civil servants during the wartime,and As most of the candidates passing the examinations just graduated from college or graduated not long ago and were young and energetic people who had received the new type of education,with a certain specialized knowledge and a more open vision,their introduction into the governmental departments would take a positive role in improving both the quality of government officials and the administrative efficiency of the government.However,owing to the wartime influence,the drawbacks of the examination board and the examination system themselves,and the private political impact of the bureaucratic system,the Examination Yuan had to face all kinds of difficulties in holding the high civil servant examinations.For one,the Examination Yuan that had the right to select the candidates who passed the examinations didn't have the right to appoint them,resulting in difficulties in assigning to jobs.For another,some of the assigned candidates were left unused for a long time.As a result,the effectiveness of the examinations was reduced to a certain degree.