论马克思主义生态观的当代发展

20世纪70年代以来,西方社会掀起了一场生态学与马克思主义相结合的思想热潮.阿格尔首次提出了生态学马克思主义的概念,并将马克思的异化理论与消费理论相结合,提出了异化消费论；奥康纳试图将生态危机的根源与资本主义基本矛盾并列,进而提出了二重矛盾论；福斯特从马克思理论本身出发,在生态学视域下对马克思理论进行了重新解读,将马克思的生态观归结为新陈代谢裂缝说.生态学在马克思主义理论体系当中呈现出一种地位不断加强的发展过程.但将马克思主义生态学视域过度突显,导致马克思历史唯物主义观念的淡化并由此产生了一系列新的问题.如何在马克思主义当中给予生态观准确的理论定位是马克思主义生态观未来发展所要解决的首要问题.

Contemporary Development of Marxist Ecological Concept

Since the 1970s, western scholars launched a large activity to combine Ecology with Marx- ism. Ben Agger is the first scholar who uses the concept of Ecological Marxism. He brought the Alien-ation theory of Marxism into consumption field to form his own Alienated Consumption Theory. James O＇ Connor drew a parallel relationship between the origin of ecological crisis and the fundamental con- tradiction of capitalist mode. John Foster, starting from the theory of Marxism, reinterpreted the Marx- ism from the perspective of Ecology, and considered the Metabolism Rift Theory as the core of Ecolog- ical Marxism. The position of Ecology is enhanced according to the development of Ecological Marx- ism. However, the prominence of Ecology weakened the effects of Historical Materialism and caused a series of new problems. It is the first problem to solve in the future development of Ecological Marxism to find an appropriate position in the Marxism for Ecology.