我国储蓄率偏高的原因

从纵向看，改革开放30多年来，我国储蓄率总体呈上升趋势——从20世纪80年代初期的34％最高升至2008年的53％，目前仍保持在50%左右的水平。从横向看，2011年关国储蓄率是15．8％，日本是21．7％，欧盟27国是20．3％，印度是32％，巴西是17．2％，新加坡是51．5％，中国是50．3％。除新加坡等少数国家和地区外，当前我国的储蓄率在全世界是最高的。我国之所以保持如此高的储蓄率，主要有4个方面的原因：（1）我国国内居民收入差距大，住户部门消费倾向总体偏低；（2）社保体系不健全，住户部门因此需为子女教育、住房和未来的养老、医疗进行大量储蓄；（3）经常项目的长期顺差推高了储蓄率；（4）政府和国有部门可支配收入占比高，且两级政府大量参与投资活动。最后指出从民族文化传统角度解释我国储蓄率偏高说服力不足，并分析了高储蓄率对我国经济增长的贡献及其引发的经济社会问题。

Reasons for the High Saving Rate in China

Historically, the saving rate in China showed an upward trend in the 30 years since the re- form and opening up policy, rising from 34% in the early 1980s to 53% in 2008, and maintaining at about 50% now. Contemporarily, in 2011, the saving rate was 15.8% in the USA, 21.7% in Ja- pan, 20.3% in European Union, 32% in India, 17.2% in Brazil, 51.5% in Singapore, and 50. 3% in China. There are four reasons for the high saving rate in China as follows ： （ 1 ） great income gap exists in China, and the overall consumption is low;（2） the social security system is incomplete; （3） the long favorable balance promotes the saving rate; and （4） the disposable income of the gov- ernment or the state-owned sections accounts for a high proportion. At last, the paper analyzes the contrition of high saving rate to the economy and the social issues brought by high saving rate.