区域大气污染排放效率:变化趋势、地区差距与影响因素——基于长江经济带11省市的面板数据

基于全要素生产理论，运用非径向加权Russell方向性距离函数测算2007-2014年长江经济带11个省市的大气污染排放效率，分析效率的变化趋势并对其进行分解，通过泰尔指数方法诠释长江经济带大气污染排放效率地区差距的形成原因，利用系统广义矩（GMM）估计方法分析长江经济带大气污染排放效率的影响机制。结果表明:研究期内长江经济带大气污染排放效率较低且维持了下降趋势，大气污染减排潜力巨大；长江上游、中游与下游三大地区之间差距和长江上游地区内部差距是长江经济带大气污染排放效率地区差距的主要成因；在长江经济带大气污染排放无效率中，烟粉尘贡献率最高，其次为SO2，氮氧化物贡献率最低；经济增长、提升第三产业比重、增加R&D投入强度、改善能源消费结构、提高对外开放水平对于长江经济带大气污染排放效率的提升均有明显促进作用。

Study on the Trend,Regional Difference and Influencing Factors of Air Pollution Emission Efficiency-Based on Provincial Panel Data from 11 Provinces of Yangtze River Economic Zone

Using non-radial weighted Russell directional distance function, this paper first calculated the air pollution emission efficiency of 11 provinces from Yangtze River Economic Zone, and then investigated the trend of efficiency from 2007 to 2014. Theil index was adopted to explain the reasons for regional differences of air pollution emission efficiency of Yangtze River Economic Zone. Furthermore, the system generalized method of moments(SGMM)was used to investigate the determinants of air pollution emission efficiency. It was found that the air pollution emission efficiency of Yangtze River Economic Zone was relatively low and kept declining in recent years, indicating the large potential of air pollution emission reduction. The efficiency gap between the upstream, midstream and downstream areas and the internal efficiency gap of upstream areas were the key factors for the regional differences of Yangtze River Economic Zone''s air pollution emission efficiency. Among the contributors to air pollution emission inefficiency of Yangtze River Economic Zone, ranked No. 1 was smoke and dust, followed by SO₂, and ranked last was nitrogen oxide. Economic growth, increasing the proportion of the third industry, increasing investment in R&D, optimizing energy consumption structure, and raising the level of opening to the outside world could significant promote the air pollution emission efficiency of Yangtze River Economic Zone.