青藏高原东北部的青苗会与文化多样性

在西北边陲社会，生态压力和文化多样性交织在一起，社会如何组织，文化如何平衡，族群关系如何协调？在青藏高原东北部的复数文化中发育了一种文化多样性的社会组织类型——青苗会，有效地解决了这些问题。青苗会的分布和联盟沿着冰雹路线而形成，但这一生态压力对组织产生的影响是外在的而不是内在的，事实上文化仪式是跨族群乡村组织的孵化器。龙神信仰和龙神庙宇的分布与青苗会的组织结构保持同构；人们举办大量共享的仪式活动如迎神赛会、“扎山”仪式，利用想象、传说建构起藏、土、回与龙神的亲缘关系；汉人的仪式专家游走在汉藏之间众多村落，不同人群以此从思想上认同青苗会，从行动上进行族际交往和生产互助。高原青苗会所创造的文化多样性的组织模式，为人类学的社会组织研究和族群理论提供了一个地方性的中国经验。

Qingmiaohui Society in Northeast Tibet Plateau and Cultural Diversity

Under the overlapping conditions of ecological pressure and cultural diversity in the northwestern border society, how to organize the rural society？ how to balance different cultures and how to harmonize ethnic relations？ An special organization type with cultural diversity, Qingmiaohui, was developed in the plural cultures on the northeast edge of Tibet Plateau, this organization effectively resolve the aboved questions. Qingmiaohui society as a grassroot organization is established and allied along the route where hail occurs. But ecological pressure is not internal but external causes for the organizations. In fact cultural rituals are incubator of the cross-ethnic social organizations. The distribution of dragon worship and dragon temples accords with Qingmiaohui＇ s organizational constructure; Local people hold many ritual activities such as dragon celeberaions and Zha Shan Rites, use imagine and tales to construct kinship relations between dragon gods and ehnic groups, and some Han＇s ritual experts travel among ehnic villages as cultural media. Thus different people identify with the organization in their thought, make contacts between ethnic groups and conduct production cooperation in their action. This organization model of cultural diversity built by highland Qingmiaohui provides a local chinese an example for ethnic group theory and anthropological organization study.