20世纪“文学自觉”说评议

"鸿都门学"的发生和曹氏政权的兴起,使当时的文化格局发生了两点重要变化:一、文化结构中,"经"为上"辞章"为下的局面发生了改变,"文学"受到重视,产生了与经学"同尊"的趋势:二、文人群落结构发生了重组,"辞章技艺"之士得以跻身政治上层,经学士人独揽政权的局面出现松动."文学自觉"在这个基础上得以发生,它是"文学"在其所属的文化系统内,摆脱附庸地位,得到社会广泛认同,成为广大文人普遍的创作行为的一个过程,考察支撑"文学"变化的"文人群落"的变迁,揭示促使"文人群落"变迁的具体的社会历史运动,是这一过程中的应有主义.某些文学因素的变化,如情感性的增强、文学样式的丰富、文学价值的确认、文学理论的发展等,只是"文学自觉"过程中所显现的表征,是阶段性变化成果,称之为"文学自觉"是不周延的.

Evaluation of the Chinese Literature Consciousness Theory in 20th Century

Hongdumen Academy and the policies of Caos changed the culture pattern at that time in two ways: First, the culture structure in which Jing was prior to literature had been changed, and literature was regarded as high as Jing. Second, the Literati Group had been recombined, and the literatis could edge into the upper class which had been monopolized by the Jing scholars before. The consciousness of literature oppeared based on those above. To make this discourse clear, we must investigate the regroup of the literatis which led to the change of literature, and reveal the special social reforms which caused the recombination of the Literati Group. The development of some literature elements, such as sensation enhancement, the abundance of literature patterns, the confirmation of literature values and the progress of literature theories, etc. was just the exterior characters shown in the discourse of literature consciousness, and the results of a particular stage.