西方劝说中的演说气质

亚里士多德 (13 5 6a)在其《修辞学》著作中区分出三种劝说手段 ,即以理服人 (论理 )、气质感人 (伦理 )和以情动人 (情理 )。这三种手段通常能通过修辞家的修辞艺术来实现。从广义上来讲 ,劝说过程即证明过程 ,它包含与之相关的性质 :信赖、可信赖程度、信任、可信程度 ,并涉及用来保证这些性质的物体和方式。亚氏认为第一种手段是修辞学恰如其分的任务 ,其余两种是根据听众的种类产生的附加手段。但这两种附加手段在古希腊演说中扮演着主要角色 ,也在当今社会交往中扮演重要角色。本文拟分析讨论第二种手段 ,并通过篇章分析来说明这种手段在社会交往中的运用

Western Persuasion: Ethosin action

In the Rhetoric (1356a) Aristotle distinguishes three means of persuasion which can be produced by the rhetorician's art, i.e. logos (argument to demonstrate something or appear to demonstrate), ethos (the character of the speaker) and pathos (the disposition created in the hearer). In its broad sense, persuasion means proof and its use encompasses the related qualities of trust, trustworthiness, credence and credibility, and extends to objects and means used to secure these qualities. Aristotle considers the first of these to be the proper task of rhetoric, the other two being additional means necessitated by the nature of the audience. These additional means however play a major role in Attic oratory and in today's social interaction. This paper shall examine the second means, by emphasizing the range of effects sought by its deployment and uses in social interaction through some textual analyses.