“不孝”文化及其生成逻辑:基于L村农民日常生活的考察

“不孝”行为及其背后“解释”和“接受”机制的日常实践逻辑分析可以作为“孝文化”当代际遇研究的一个参考。华北农村L村“孝道”的底线体现为从物质供应到生病医治和精神顺敬的“养”以及“葬”的隆重和祭祀的严肃与守时。日常生活中四种不孝行为包括“师出有名”的不养,即以老人身体硬朗、没有尽到隔辈抚养义务、兄弟间的不公正对待等理由的不孝;对非亲生或绝症父母“情有可原”的不医治和疏忽;对父母离世的形式化“哀伤”;“不葬”以及祭祀本意的“消亡”。这四种“不孝”行为被村落文化予以谴责、忽略和宽容,其背后是基于农村社会转型而带来的场域形塑机制的变化,其动力来自农民“过日子”的伦理价值导向的演变,即“钱”构成了农村以家庭为单位过日子的竞争标准。这种变化是农村养老问题研究应该参考和关注的。

Culture of "Impiety" and Its Generative Logic:Based on an Investigation of Farmers'Daily Life in L Village

The unfilial behavior with its daily practical logic analysis of explanation and acceptance mechanisms can be used as a reference for the contemporary research on the filial piety culture.The bottom line of the filial piety in L Village of rural North China is reflected from the supply of material to the treatment of illness and dutiful supporting of spirit together with the grandness of burial as well as the solemnity and punctuality of sacrifice.There are four kinds of unfilial behaviors.The first is reasonable denial of supporting,namely with the argument that the elderly is healthy,failing to fulfill the responsibility of intergenerational care,and the unfair treatment among the brothers.The second is excusable with no treatment and negligence of adoptive and terminally ill parents.The third is the formalized grief towards the deceased parents.The last is no burial and the extinction of the original intention of sacrifice ceremony.These four unfilial behaviors were condemned,ignored,and tolerated by the village culture.The factors underlying these behaviors rest on the changing of the field forming mechanism during the social transition in Chinese rural areas.And its motivation stems from the evolution of the peasants ethical value orientation about living.This means that money constitutes the competitive standard for living in a rural household.This kind of change should be referred to and paid attention to in the study of rural pension.