居家养老服务供需适配:一个理论分析框架

在理论研究和实务操作中,养老服务供需适配问题一直备受关注。但当前研究较为关注“是否适配”和“如何更适配”,而对于“何为适配”的讨论较少。经社会服务供需理论演绎,居家养老服务供需适配的理论分析框架得以初步构建。其适配框架总体呈现出三维结构,包括需求内部、供给内部和供需之间的三个一致性状态。其适配目标可有“供约束需”和“需决定供”的两种预期,前者是一定供给水平下的供需平衡,后者是需求引导下的终极状态的供需平衡。其操作化指标亦呈现出可控与不可控的两维分化,供需实践中应更为关注不可控的量化指标。经上海居家养老案例的适用性检验,多维的供需适配的理论框架可以为诠释和衡量居家养老供需平衡提供较为完整的参考系。

Supply and Demand Adaptation of Home-care:A Framework for Theoretical Analysis

In the theoretical research and practical operation,the problem of supply and demand adaptation of old-age care has received much attention.However,current research is more concerned with “whether it is adapted” and “how to adapt”,but there is little discussion about the definition of adaptation.After the theoretical interpretation of the supply and demand of social services,the theoretical analysis framework for the adaptation of the supply and demand of home-care is initially constructed.Its adaptation framework generally presents a three-dimensional structure,including three consistency states for internal demand,internal supply,and between supply and demand.The adaptation target can have two expectations of “supply constraining demand” and “demand determining supply”.The former is the balance of supply and demand under a certain supply level,and the latter is the balance of supply and demand under the guidance of demand.Its operational indicators also show a two-dimensional differentiation between the controllable and the uncontrollable.In supply and demand practice,more attention should be paid to uncontrollable quantitative indicators.Based on the applicability test of the Shanghai case,the multidimensional theoretical framework can provide a more complete reference system for interpreting and measuring supply and demand adaptation of home-care.