中国文学“走出去”的传播路径和影响因素

与外国文学的译入相比,中国文学的译出长期处于“逆差”状态。从外国文学作品的译入和传播,反观中国文学的对外译介,可以通过学校教育、名人推荐、影视剧作、大众传媒和非翻译方式推动中国文学在域外的传播。影响传播的因素包括译入语国家对外来信息需求的迫切程度,译入语国家对于外来文化的开放心态和敏感程度,译入语国家对源语国家信息的熟悉程度以及读者的阅读期待。中国文学的译出可以根据具体情况,产出不同难度、不同形式的译本,加快中国文学在域外的传播。

The Ways and Restraints of Disseminating Chinese Literary Works in the World

For a long time,the amount of Chinese literary works translated into foreign languages is far less than that of foreign literary works translated into Chinese.In consideration of this problem,and illuminated by the ways that foreign literary works entered China,this paper puts forward five possible ways—school education,recommendation of celebrities,TV series or films,mass media and non-translation form of communication—to publicize the versions of Chinese literary works in foreign countries.When translating Chinese literary works,the translators are supposed to bear in minds:whether the target readers are in need of them,whether the target readers are ready to accept new knowledge,whether the known knowledge is enough to help the target readers catch the new knowledge and for what they are reading.The translation of Chinese literature can produce different versions with different difficulties and forms according to specific situations,so as to speed up the spread of Chinese literature abroad.