《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的共产主义概念

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是马克思对共产主义思想进行系统论证的最早文本,也是马克思共产主义概念原初语境的重要组成部分。从思想精髓看,马克思在论证共产主义概念时,始终围绕着“私有财产的扬弃”这个问题展开,私有财产是理解马克思共产主义思想的一把钥匙。从批判建构看,粗陋的共产主义把私有财产理解为物质的财产,采用平均主义的方式对待私有财产,本质上还没有理解私有财产的真正内涵。政治共产主义超越了粗陋的共产主义,把私有财产理解为人的自我异化,但它遮蔽了私有财产的积极本质。马克思对此进行了批判,并在此基础上提出了自己的共产主义观点。马克思认为,私有财产的本质是异化劳动,共产主义不仅是人的自我异化的扬弃,而且是私有财产历史运动基础上的积极扬弃。

On the Concept of Communism in The Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844

The Manuscript of Economic Philosophy in 1844 is the earliest text of Marxs systematic argumentation on Communism and an important part of the original context of Marxist concept of Communism.From the perspective of ideological essence,when Marx demonstrated the concept of Communism,he always focused on the issue of “sublation of private property”,which is a key to understanding Marxs Communism.From the perspective of critical construction,the crude Communism regards private property as material property,and treats private property in the way of equalitarianism.In essence,the real meaning of private property has not been understood.Political Communism transcends the crude Communism and regards private property as the self alienation of human beings,but it hides the positive nature of private property.Marx criticized this and put forward his own views of Communism on this basis.Marx believes that the essence of private property is alienated labor,and Communism is not only the development and abandonment of human self alienation,but also the positive development and abandonment on the basis of the historical movement of private property.