辽朝皇帝庙号三题

关于辽朝皇帝实行庙号制度的时间有多种记载,结合宋人和辽代碑刻中的记载,可以确定辽朝的庙号制度当是在耶律隆绪即位后才得到完善;《驸马赠卫国王沙姑墓志》“赞”中的“太祖”是撰者焦习为了骈体文写作的需要,根据中原儒家文化传统而使用的词语,并不表示此时耶律阿保机已经有了庙号“太祖”;辽朝所谓的“太庙”不是严格意义上中原王朝的太庙,只是已故皇帝的“先庙”或“祖庙”,追尊皇帝并不供奉其中,皇后死后也不配享在相应皇帝的庙中,身穿红色锦衣的皇后神主木人是与契丹人传说女始祖赤娘子一同被供奉在木叶山庙中。辽朝所谓的“太庙”不是固定建筑物,而是由毡帐和毡车组成的,前面置纛,处于草莽中,跟随皇帝四时捺钵。

Three Questions about the Temple Name of the Emperor of Liao Dynasty

There are many records of the time when the emperor of Liao Dynasty practiced the temple name system.Combined with the records in the inscriptions of Song Dynasty and Liao Dynasty,it can be concluded that the temple name system of Liao Dynasty was perfected until Yelv Longxu ascended the throne.“Taizu” in “Zan” of Sha Gu Epitaph is the need of writing in parallel style by the writer Jiao Xi,according to the Confucian culture tradition of the Central Plains.It does not mean that Yelv Abaoji has already had the temple name “Taizu” at that time.Strictly speaking,the Taimiao of Liao Dynasty was not the Taimiao of the Central Plains Dynasty,but the “Xianmiao” or “Zumiao” of the dead emperors.The emperors with bestow posthumous title were not worshiped in the Taimiao,and the empresses did not deserve to be in the temple of the corresponding emperor after their death.The spirit wooden figure of the empresses,in red brocade,were worshiped with the Chiniangzi who was the ancestor of Khitan in the temple of Muye Mountain.The temple of Liao Dynasty was in wild lands.The temple was not a fixed building,but was made up of felts and carts,and there would be set up a flag in front of the temple.The emperors,who lived a nomadic life,was followed by the temple all the year round.