南宋后期瘟疫的流行与防治措施

宋代建立了以各级官府为主导、社会民众力量为辅助的疫病防治体系。南宋后期,中央政府仍是防治瘟疫的核心力量,采取了医学、经济、政治等措施加以应对;地方官吏是宋代防治瘟疫的基层力量,采取了赈济灾民、医疗救治和加强社会管控等措施;民间医家是防治疫病的中坚力量,大多亲赴灾区诊治病人,发放药物,公布医方,传播官方医学知识;普通民众对疫病的认识和态度极为复杂,采取的防疫措施也是多种多样。受宋金、宋蒙战争的影响,南宋后期军中和边境地区瘟疫流行的次数显著增加。在政府的重视和引导下,南宋后期社会各阶层继续沿袭了宋朝防疫体系的传统,其中派医诊治、施散药物、建立病房、隔离病人、掩埋尸体等依旧是防治疫病的有效措施。

Prevalence and Prevention of Plague in the Late Southern Song Dynasty

In the Song Dynasty,the system of prevention,control and treatment of the plague was established and led by the governments at all levels,while other social force worked as supplement.In the late Southern Song Dynasty,the central government was still the core force that adopted various medical,economic,and political approaches to prevent and control the epidemic.Local officials were the grassroots forces for the prevention and control of the plague by ways of helping the victims,treating patients,and strengthening social control.Medical doctors were the backbone of the epidemic prevention, and most of them went to the disaster area to diagnose and treat patients,dispense medicines,publish medical prescriptions,and disseminate official medical knowledge.The attitude of general public to the plague were extremely complex,and their anti-epidemic measures were multiple.Influenced by the war of Song-Jin and Song-Meng,the epidemics in military and border areas increased significantly in the late Southern Song Dynasty.With the attention and guidance of the late Southern Song government,different social classes continued to implement the epidemic prevention system,which took medical knowledge, induding sending doctors for diagnosis and treatment,dispersing drugs,setting up wards,isolating patients and burying corpses,as the key of plague control and prevention.