中华元典修辞学思想文质观探微

文化源头总是决定着文化的个性,我国文化元典的修辞学思想形成了我国修辞学根深蒂固的传统:内容本位轻视形式,这与导源于亚里斯多德《修辞学》注重语言形式的学科传统判然有别;修辞学思想立足于伦理学、政治学立场,强调修辞立其诚,注重修辞道德,这与古希腊、古罗马传统中有时仅强调修辞的工具性,把修辞纯作为论辩致胜手段的功利主义传统判然有别;修辞学学科不独立,始依附于伦理、政治学说,后依附于文论、诗话,这与亚里斯多德著作以《修辞学》名篇,将修辞学作为独立学科的传统判然有别。现代修辞学应发扬我国古典修辞学注重内容、注重修辞道德的优良传统,同时吸取他人之长,在形式探讨和理论深化、系统化方面进一步作出努力。

An inquiry into ideas on relationship between content and form reflected in rhetorical views of Yuan Songs

The source of culture always determines the characters of the culture itself. The rhetorical views in Chinese classics have laid a solid foundation for Chinese rhetorical traditions: stress on contents rather than forms, which is distinguishable from the western rhetorical traditions originating from Arestottles' "Rhetoric": stress on forms instead of contents; Based on ethics and politics, the Chinese rhetorical views attached importance to rhetorical morals. This is quite different from Greek and Roman utilitarian traditions, which viewed rhetoric as an instrumental means of winning over rivals in arguments; Chinese rhetoric at first depended on ethics, politics, and later on the theories about literature. This also differs from the western rhetorical traditions, which take Arestottle's "Rhetoric" as an authoritative model and view rhetoric as an independent discipline. Modern rhetoric should, on one hand, carry on the traditions of Chinese classical rhetoric; laying stress on contents and rhetorical morals, and on the other hand take lessons from others and make deeper theoretical and systematical study of rhetorical forms.