农业合作化运动评析--从技术、制度与经济的关系角度

农业合作化运动在1953至1957年间,显示出积极的效果,中国粮食产量逐年增加;而在1958至1978年的20年间,中国农村经济停滞不前,农民生活贫困.从技术、制度与经济关系的角度对此进行分析.可以看出,前期,合作社制度下的集体性团体劳动有效弥补了单户劳动的技术水平的不足,农业合作化运动在当时与其说是制度的变革,不如说是一种技术变革.后期,利益激励机制缺失,加之无外来现代化因素介入的原农耕技术水平(人力、畜力为主)的停滞,导致农村经济落后,农民生活贫困,超前的制度变革显现出其失误的一面.

On the Movement of Cooperative Transformation of Agriculture -from the Respect of Relation of Technology, Institution and Economics

The movement of cooperative transformation of agriculture demonstrated the positive result between 1953 and 1957, grain yield of china increased year by year. But, during 20 years between 1958 and 1978, Chinese economy stagnated and peasants were poor.Looking from the respect of relation between technology, institution and economics, at earlier stage, the collective work under the system of cooperative society remedied the deficiency of the work level of single household effectively. The movement of cooperative transformation of agriculture was more of a technological change than a institutional change at that time; At later stage: the shortage of incentive mechanism of interests and the shortage of modern technology led to bad results,and the transformation of the institution beyond the time showed failure.