社会团结与统一性的社会学探问

社会团结何以可能,或者说社会统一性的依据何在,这并不是一个想象的议题,而是当代社会发展必须回答的重大实践课题。社会团结的依据是历史发展的大趋势,还是满足个人现实欲望的工具,再或是一种社会发展与个人欲望妥协结合而成的社会现实也即组织行为,构成了社会学分析社会团结的三大视角。而事实上"社会团结的依据"是一个无法一概而论的议题。因为没有超越特定时代的"一般性社会团结"的存在,也没有普适古今的"一般性社会团结"的存在。强调社会团结依据的存在,就是要恢复它对社会建构的积极意义而不是某种宣讲教条的必须。社会团结的依据只有与隐藏在历史深处的群体生存需求联系起来,才能提供有价值的社会建构尺度。关注现实,强调机会公平,是当代社会团结的重要依据所在。

Probing into Social Solidarity and Unity from Angle of Sociology

The possibility of social solidarity,or the basis for social unity,is not an imaginary subject but a significant practical issue that must be dealt with for the development of contemporary society.Is the basis for social solidarity the main stream of historic development,the way to satisfy individual material desires,or a social reality in organization behavior which combines social development and individual desires with a compromise? The above forms three major sociological perspectives for the analysis of social solidarity.In fact "the basis for social solidarity" is a subject that cannot be treated in general,as there is no such an existence as "general social solidarity" out of certain epoch or for all times in general.The emphasis on the existence of social solidarity lies in its positive significance in restoration of social structuring,instead of in the necessity of lecturing certain doctrines.The basis of social solidarity can only offer valuable dimension for social structuring when linking with the survival demand of certain groups hidden in the depth of history.Paying close attention to reality and stressing on fair chances are actually the important basis for social solidarity.