知识优势的理论基础与战略选择

在全球竞争格局中,企业竞争优势是国家竞争优势的基础。企业的竞争优势越来越多地依赖于内在知识资源的整合与开发应用。企业知识优势的形成与三个因素密切相关:(1)企业所拥有的资源的特质,特别是人力资源的素质;(2)企业内部运作体系的复杂性;(3)应用技术的领先程度和创新能力。知识资源所具有的持久性、复杂性和可转移性,使其在激烈的市场竞争中很难被竞争对手破解、模仿和追赶。知识资源的稀缺性和独特性,是企业实现产品和服务差异化的基础。知识体系的规范化、标准化和量化,又可以使知识资源被重复、低成本和大规模使用,给企业创造持续收益。可以说,知识优势是确保企业可持续增长的重要条件。发达国家在全球产业链重组的过程中,紧紧抓住知识经济中创造高附加值的环节,通过不断投入教育、研发和软件产业,提升自身的知识优势;同时,将知识附加值较低的制造业和组装业转移到发展中国家。我国在加入WTO后,可以利用与国际经济进一步接轨的契机,通过实施知识吸纳、知识联盟、知识整合、知识转移、知识激励和知识创新战略,在产业定位中形成自身特有的知识优势,以确保在国际竞争中的活力和持久竞争优势。

Knowledge-based Theory and Strategic Thinking of Chinese Firms

In the global economy, the national capability of economic growth is based on the competitive advantages of companies. According to the resource-based theory, knowledge advantage is becoming the most important sources for competitive advantage and sustained superior performance. In this paper, the author explores the reasons of why knowledge is so critical for companies to maintaining its competitiveness: the durable, complex and transferable character of knowledge resources made it difficult to be understood, to be copied or imitated by competitors. The paper also discusses the strategies of developed countries to upgrade their knowledge advantage and suggests that, since China joins WTO and more Chinese companies integrated with global market, Chinese firms should adopt the strategies of knowledge absorption, knowledge alliance, knowledge integration and knowledge innovation, in order to establish its own knowledge advantage.