公共池塘資源佔用者集體行動的“第三條道路”——自主組織和自主治理的集體行動理論

國家理論和企業理論都認為個人面對公共池塘资源,都是從個人理性出發,盡可能多地利用公共池塘资源,造成公共池塘资源的退化,甚至毀滅,最終釀成集體行動的非理性。奧斯特羅姆教授(E.Ostrom)從研究小規模公共池塘問題出發,調查研究了世界上眾多實際案例,吸收多中心理論,反思國家理論和企業理論,應用制度分析和經驗分析的方法,得出了許多重要的觀點和結論,經過系統化,最終形成了自主組織和自主治理的集體行動理論。這一理論對我國的公共池塘资源的治理也下乏指導意義。

Independent Collective Action Theory: the 'Third Way' of Collective Action in Managing Public Ponds

According to National and Enterprise Theory, people always do their best to explore public ponds for their own personal reasons. As a result, public ponds will deteriorate and even be destroyed, and eventually collective irrational actions will take place. However, by analyzing some small-size public ponds, by investigating multiple cases, and by adopting some ideas from Central Theory and experimental methods, as well as by reviewing National and Enterprise Theory, Professor E. Ostrom has deduced several important points and conclusions, formulating the Independent Collective Action Theory, which certainly has some implications for managing our public ponds.