黄庭坚的“用意”诗学观初探

黄庭坚诗论中的“用意”“道意中事”“意有所属”等诗学观念, 是连接他诗论中的“句法”“句中眼”等修辞概念与“心性”“读书”等修养概念之间的中介。它的“体”既包含了“心性”存养的要求, 也包含了作为存养工夫的“洞见”和“见解”等；它的“用”则既有以“意”贯通“古人之陈言”的意思, 也有“寓意于物”的心物观。但是, 这些观念的内涵既不同于单纯的心性存养, 也不仅仅是诗歌形式的寓言化, 更超出了道学家的“观物”。其复杂的肌理标志着诗人感知方式的根本性变化。对这种变化的把握有助于更好地理解黄庭坚, 也为我们理解宋诗提供一个颇有启发性的视角。

Research on Huang Tingjian's Poetics of "Yong-yi"

Concepts like "yong-yi" "say something in your mind" and "meaning belonging to something" in Huang Tingjian's poetics are the medium between rhetoric like "the way of making a sentence", "keys in a sentence" and culture like "xin and xing" "reading".Their essence covers both "xin and xing" and "insight"; their application means "idea" should cover both the ancients' words and things-outside.However, the meaning of these concepts is different from a simple "keeping xin and xing", not just the allegory form of poetry, and beyond the moralist's "guan-wu" theory.Their complex texture marks the fundamental change in the way of perception of poetry in Song Dynasty.This change provides not only a better understanding of Huang Tingjian, but also an effective view on the poetry in Song Dynasty.