农民专业合作组织发展的现实约束及制度创新

发展农民专业合作组织是中国农村发展的必然之路。理论和实践证明,农民专业合作组织提高了农民进入市场的组织化程度,在节约交易费用、降低市场风险、提升品牌产品价值、推进农业产业化经营、完善社会化服务体系和增强政府调控的有效性等方面发挥了积极的作用,但仍存在管理体制不顺,政策扶持力度不够;内部管理制度不完善,组织机构不健全;自身财力有限,融通资金困难;市场组织化程度较低,承担风险能力差等现实困境。应加强对农户的合作理论教育和宣传,形成良好的舆论导向;强化政府扶持,营造农民专业合作组织发展的良好环境;健全运行机制,实现农民专业合作组织的可持续发展;培育留得住、懂技术、会管理的新型农民,扩大农民专业合作组织的规模。

The Restrictions the Farmer Special Cooperative Organizations Encounter in Development and the System Innovation of These Organizations

The development of the farmer special cooperative organizations is an indispensible part of the Chinese rural development.As related theories and practice have proved,the improved organization for entry of the Chinese farmer special cooperative organizations into market plays a very positive role in saving transaction cost,reducing market risk,enhancing brand value,promoting industrialized operation of agriculture,perfecting the socialized service system and strengthening the effectiveness of government regulation.Problems,however,really exist in the development of the organizations,such as the failure in straightening out the current operation and management system,the insufficient policy support from the state,the imperfect internal management system,the imperfect institutional framework,the limited financial resources,the lack of financing channels,the low market organization and the poor capacity to resist risks.Suggestions are made：the education and propaganda of theories on cooperation between farmer households be strengthened to form a good guidance of public opinion;the governmental support be strengthened to create a nice development environment for the farmer special cooperative organizations;the operation mechanism be made sound to realize the sustainable development of the farmer special cooperative organizations;and farmers be trained to be the new-type ones who can stay long,have a grasp of technology and are good at management to enlarge the scale of the farmer special cooperative organizations.